{"id":178,"date":"2018-02-10T12:59:37","date_gmt":"2018-02-10T17:59:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kyantec.com\/?page_id=178"},"modified":"2018-05-22T10:41:43","modified_gmt":"2018-05-22T14:41:43","slug":"ph-buffering-capacity-seawater-fresh-water","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/staging.mswhost.com\/kyantec.com\/tips-tricks\/ph-buffering-capacity-seawater-fresh-water\/","title":{"rendered":"pH and Buffering Capacity of Seawater and Fresh Water"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b><u>Background Information:<\/u><\/b><br \/>\npH is a measure of acidity. Acids are characterized by their ability to give off H+ ions in aqueous solutions. pH is a mathematical function that indicates the amount of H+ present in the water, and is calculated using the equation<\/p>\n<p>pH = \u2014 log[H+]<\/p>\n<p>The smaller the pH value, the more acidic the sample. Acids have pH from 1 to 7, 7 is neutral, and bases have pH from 7 to 14.<\/p>\n<p><i> Buffering capacity<\/i> is the ability of a solution to resist changes in pH. Why might it be important for a body of water to be able to resist changes in pH? Would you predict sea water or fresh water to have a higher buffering capacity? Why? Quantitatively, <i>buffering capacity<\/i>is defined as the number of moles of a strong acid or strong base that are required to change the pH of 1 liter of the solution by 1 pH unit. You will measure and calculate this later.<\/p>\n<p>In this investigation, you will determine the pH of bodies of water you visit, and determine which ones have the largest buffering capacity. Try to compare a fresh water sample, a brackish water sample, and a sea water sample.<\/p>\n<p>To become familiar with the tests, try testing samples of distilled water, tap water, and pond, lake, or stream water before leaving home.<\/p>\n<p><b><u>Materials<\/u>:<\/b><\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" width=\"60%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Wide range pH paper<\/td>\n<td>3 stirring rods<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Narrow range pH paper (6-8)<\/td>\n<td>3 sample jars<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.1 M HCL in dropping bottle<\/td>\n<td>10 mL graduated cylinder<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Test samples of water you find along the way. Use 3 trials for each sample whenever possible.<br \/>\nCalibrate the dropping bottle you are using. Count the number of drops needed to fill your graduated cylinder to 1 mL and if this number is different from 15 drops per mL, substitute the correct number of drops into Equation 1 in the Data Analysis Section.<\/p>\n<p><b><u>Procedure:<\/u><\/b> for each sample<br \/>\n1. Take samples of seawater, brackish water, or freshwater from a site. Record the location and a<br \/>\ndescription of the site in the data table provided in the kit.<br \/>\n2. Place 50.0 mL of the seawater, fresh water, or brackish water sample in each of 3 sample jars. It is<br \/>\nimportant to use as close to the same amount of water for each sample as possible under the conditions.<br \/>\nHow might you do this without any contamination of samples?<br \/>\n3. Check and record the pH of each using first the wide range and then the appropriate narrow range papers.<br \/>\nRecord.<br \/>\n4. Add 1 drop of 0.1 mL HCL to each sample. Stir, and measure the pH using the narrow range paper. Record<br \/>\nthe #drops used and the pH after each addition of acid.<br \/>\nRepeat until the pH of each sample is 7.<br \/>\n5. Graph your data on a piece of graph paper. For best comparison, graph two or three samples on the same<br \/>\npiece of paper. Use a computer graphing program such as Graphical Analysis, if available, when you return<br \/>\nhome. (The program must do best-fit curves.)<\/p>\n<p><b><u>Error sources:<\/u><\/b><br \/>\n1. Why is volume of water sample used each time important? Drop size?<br \/>\n2. Why is it important to use the same acid solution for each test?<br \/>\n3. Why is it important to use the same procedure for each sample? (It would be nice to take your pH meter<br \/>\nor computer into the field, but this is not always possible.)<br \/>\n4. Explain the effect of sample size on the buffering capacity.<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" width=\"100%\">\n<caption>Buffering Capacity Data Table Sample ID # _____ Site and Description _________________<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>drops HCl<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>11<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>13<\/td>\n<td>14<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td>17<\/td>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<td>19<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>pH<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" width=\"100%\">\n<caption>Buffering Capacity Data Table Sample ID # _____ Site and Description _________________<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>drops HCl<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>11<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>13<\/td>\n<td>14<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td>17<\/td>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<td>19<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>pH<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" width=\"100%\">\n<caption>Buffering Capacity Data Table Sample ID # _____ Site and Description _________________<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>drops HCl<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>11<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>13<\/td>\n<td>14<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td>17<\/td>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<td>19<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>pH<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" width=\"100%\">\n<caption>Buffering Capacity Data Table Sample ID # _____ Site and Description _________________<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>drops HCl<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>11<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>13<\/td>\n<td>14<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td>17<\/td>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<td>19<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>pH<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" width=\"100%\">\n<caption>Buffering Capacity Data Table Sample ID # _____ Site and Description _________________<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>drops HCl<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>11<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>13<\/td>\n<td>14<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td>17<\/td>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<td>19<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>pH<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" width=\"100%\">\n<caption>Buffering Capacity Data Table Sample ID # _____ Site and Description _________________<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>drops HCl<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>11<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>13<\/td>\n<td>14<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td>17<\/td>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<td>19<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>pH<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" width=\"100%\">\n<caption>Buffering Capacity Data Table Sample ID # _____ Site and Description _________________<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>drops HCl<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>11<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>13<\/td>\n<td>14<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td>17<\/td>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<td>19<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>pH<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" width=\"100%\">\n<caption>Buffering Capacity Data Table Sample ID # _____ Site and Description _________________<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>drops HCl<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>11<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>13<\/td>\n<td>14<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td>17<\/td>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<td>19<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>pH<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b><u>Data Analysis:<\/u><\/b><br \/>\nTo calculate buffering capacity:<\/p>\n<p>Find the number of moles of strong acid or base that are required to change the pH of 1 liter of the sample by 1 pH unit.<\/p>\n<p>The HCl is 0.1 M. There are 15 drops** in 1 mL acid, so 1 drop is equal to 6.7 x 10<sup>-5<\/sup> L. Sample volume was 100 mL (if not, adjust ratio of sample to 1 L accordingly.)<\/p>\n<p>If 25 drops of HCl were used per 100 mL sample:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-429\" src=\"http:\/\/kyantec.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Screen-Shot-2018-03-05-at-10.50.13-AM-900x79.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"79\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d2fxn1d7fsdeeo.cloudfront.net\/kyantec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/10122547\/Screen-Shot-2018-03-05-at-10.50.13-AM-900x79.png 900w, https:\/\/d2fxn1d7fsdeeo.cloudfront.net\/kyantec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/10122547\/Screen-Shot-2018-03-05-at-10.50.13-AM-300x26.png 300w, https:\/\/d2fxn1d7fsdeeo.cloudfront.net\/kyantec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/10122547\/Screen-Shot-2018-03-05-at-10.50.13-AM-768x68.png 768w, https:\/\/d2fxn1d7fsdeeo.cloudfront.net\/kyantec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/10122547\/Screen-Shot-2018-03-05-at-10.50.13-AM.png 1406w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>SO :<br \/>\n(Number of drops) x 6.7 x 10-8 = buffering capacity of seawater, in moles per 100 mL of seawater<\/p>\n<p>**Be sure to calibrate the drops as directed in the procedure.<\/p>\n<p><i>Copyright 1997 by Luann Christensen Lee<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Feel free to reproduce this page for classroom teaching purposes &#8211; please include this copyright, and please do not change the material.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Background Information: pH is a measure of acidity. Acids are characterized by their ability to give off H+ ions in aqueous solutions. pH is a mathematical function that indicates the amount of H+ present in the water, and is calculated using the equation pH = \u2014 log[H+] The smaller the pH value, the more acidic [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":169,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-178","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>pH and Buffering Capacity of Seawater and Fresh Water - Antec, Inc.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/staging.mswhost.com\/kyantec.com\/tips-tricks\/ph-buffering-capacity-seawater-fresh-water\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"pH and Buffering Capacity of Seawater and Fresh Water - Antec, Inc.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Background Information: pH is a measure of acidity. 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